I'm running a dual-boot Windows 7 / Ubuntu 12.10 on a HP laptop. I'm visiting a house with a Belkin N150- wireless router.
I had this weird problem. I could connect and reconnect just fine when in Windows mode. I could connect fresh to the Belkin wirelessly. But when I was in Ubuntu mode and then the laptop battery died, I could't reconnect no matter what I did. I tried disabling IPv6, altering the
router's config. Nothing worked to reconnect.
Here's the simplest solution: reset the Belkin router. There's a little recessed button on the back near the ethernet ports.
After the reset, it has no problem reestablishing connection when the router is reset. My guess its a MAC address release problem for the router with Unix systems. But since I've got a workaround I'm not going to pursue it further.
N.B. I upgraded to Ubuntu 13.04 and the problem ceased, I can reboot and reconnect wirelessly to the router; it might be a network stack problem in Ubuntu 12.10 that is exhibited when handshaking with a Belkin router.